What Is TRON（TRX）and How Does It Work? (2025 Update)

TRON in 2025: Latest Developments

As of 2025, TRON maintains its position as one of the leading blockchain networks, with significant advancements that expand its ecosystem. The network’s performance continues to improve, now processing approximately 3.5 million transactions daily, with block height exceeding 50 million. TRON’s focus on scalability has yielded impressive results, with transaction speeds averaging 2,000+ TPS under normal conditions.

The TRON ecosystem has grown significantly with over 200 million user accounts, representing a substantial increase from previous years. This growth is largely attributed to:

• Expanded DeFi ecosystem with Total Value Locked (TVL) reaching competitive levels
• Enhanced interoperability with major blockchain networks
• Improved energy efficiency through protocol upgrades
• Broader institutional adoption of TRX as a settlement layer

The Super Representative structure remains intact with 27 elected validators, but voting participation has increased to over 40% of all staked TRX, signaling stronger community governance.

TRON Virtual Machine has undergone multiple optimizations, now supporting additional programming languages beyond Solidity, including Rust and Python, making development more accessible to a broader range of developers. TVM’s computing efficiency has improved by approximately 30% compared to 2023 benchmarks.

The platform’s storage layer has been enhanced to accommodate larger data sets more efficiently, with decentralized storage costs decreasing by nearly 60% since 2023, making the network more attractive for content distribution applications.

TRX token utility has expanded beyond its original functions to include:

• Cross-chain bridging capabilities with minimal fees
• Enhanced staking mechanisms with flexible lockup periods
• Governance participation in ecosystem development decisions

TRON continues to challenge traditional media platforms by providing decentralized alternatives for content creators and consumers, maintaining its core mission of “Decentralize the Web” while improving technical infrastructure to support growing demand for decentralized applications.

What Is TRON（TRX）and How Does It Work?

• Tron is a public blockchain seeking to become a core component of a
  decentralized internet. Their mainnet went live on May 31st.

• To validate blocks and transactions, 27 Super Representatives rotate
  every six hours in the Delegated Proof-of-Stake (DPoS) mechanism used by
  Tron.

• The TRON Virtual Machine (TVM) can be used to compile smart contracts
  written in Solidity. TRC-10 tokens are also supported on the network.
  TronGrid also offers full nodes in the cloud for developers to access.

• BTT Token (BTT) and USD
  Tether (USDT) are some of
  the popular tokens supported by TRON. Since TRON was launched, it has become
  one of the most popular decentralized blockchains.

What is TRON (TRX)?

The Tron digital platform has its cryptocurrency, called Tronix or TRX, based
on blockchain technology. The Tron Foundation, a Singapore-based nonprofit
organization, founded in 2017, envisions Tron as a global entertainment
platform that shares digital content effectively and cost-effectively.

Tron was initially only marketed in Asia, but it has gone global. Over 50
million accounts were active as of August 2021.

Tron is headquartered in Singapore and San Francisco and was founded by Justin
Sun, the company’s current CEO. The company’s CEO is also one of the creators
of BitTorrent, a file-sharing program.

Tron is a public blockchain developed for developers that offer the underlying
infrastructure for creating smart contracts and decentralized applications, as
well as a free publication, ownership, and storage of data. Unlike public
blockchains (such as Bitcoin)
that use a Proof-of-Work (PoW) consensus mechanism, TRON employs the Delegated
Proof-of-Stake consensus mechanism. TRON’s features include the following:

• The three-Tron architecture has three layers: the core, storage, and
  application layers.

• TRON uses a DPoS algorithm to achieve a high TPS, which is more scalable
  than existing networks.

• There are 27 Super Representative accounts in TRON, and each one
  generates and validates a block.

• The Tron Virtual Machine (TVM) allows Ethereum developers to develop
  smart contracts on the TRON network using Solidity. Additional languages may
  also be supported in the future by the TRON project.

To create a truly decentralized internet, Tron has an ultimate mission of
becoming the underlying architecture for decentralized applications. Some of
its products are:

TronGrid:

TRON provides full nodes running in the cloud, allowing developers to work
with the protocol without setting up a full node. The TRONGrid APIs make
blockchain data (events, transactions, assets) accessible to developers. In
the first two months of 2019, since TronGrid v2 was launched, there has been a
steady increase in traffic and peaks caused by dApp launches, with an average
of more than 12,000 requests per second and over 1 billion requests a day.
With TronGrid v2, querying events has never taken longer than 100 milliseconds
on average. As of April 17th, 2019, TronGrid v3 has been in the alpha testing
phase and is expected to be released soon to the community with new features
and improvements.

TronLink:

It is available on iOS and Android and is an extension for Chrome browsers. In
addition to TRX, TRC-10 (e.g., BTT), TRC-20 tokens (USDT).

In the TRON network, TRX serves as the native asset. Examples of how TRX can
be used include:

• Service providers and merchants can receive payments for their services
  and goods on TRON.

• Run native smart contracts for fees and commissions.

• Delegating energy to run smart contracts or vote for Super
  Representatives by staking TRX.

TRON’s key features

There are three layers in TRON’s architecture: a core layer, a storage layer,
and an application layer.

Core layer

The core layer is divided between smart contracts, account management, and
consensus modules. The TRON platform implements a stack-based virtual machine
and uses an optimized instruction set. Solidity was chosen for better support
for DApp developers as the first smart-contract language, and further
programming languages will be added in the future.

Storage layer

Block Storage and State Storage are the components of TRON’s distributed
storage protocol. The storage layer was designed to take advantage of the need
for diversified data storage in the real world by introducing the notion of a
graph database.

To store its blockchain, TRON has chosen LevelDB, a technology developed by
Google and used by many companies and projects. This library supports various
byte array functions, including singular get, put, and delete bi-directional
sets and deletions and simple compression using Snappy.

In TRON, the full-node memory includes a KhaosDB that stores all the newly
forked chains generated within a specified period, allowing witnesses to
quickly switch from their active chains into the new main chains. Also, it can
make blockchain storage more stable to prevent it from being abnormally
terminated in an intermediate state.

Application layer

As TRON enables smart contracts and customized wallets to be created,
developers can create a diverse range of dApps and wallets for the platform.

Delegated Proof-of-Stake (DPoS) consensus algorithm

According to the TRON network’s April 24th update, the network has over 1,200
nodes, with a block height exceeding 8 million. On average, there are around 2
million transactions per day. On top of that, there are over 2.6 million
accounts on the blockchain. Moreover, 60 transactions per block are generated
every 3 seconds and are rewarded with 32 TRX. For TRON’s consensus mechanism,
27 Super Representatives (SRs) produce blocks using the Delegated Proof-of-
Stake (DPoS) system. The top 27 SR candidates are voted upon every six hours
by TRX account holders whose accounts have been frozen. In addition to voting
for SRs based on projects sponsored by them to increase TRX adoption, voters
may also choose SRs based on reward distributions. The TRON protocol generates
a block every three seconds, with each block containing 32 TRX for Super
Representatives. There will be 336,384,000 TRX annually awarded to the 27 SRs.
The reward goes to a sub-account in the super ledger whenever an SR produces a
block. While SRs can check their TRX tokens, they cannot directly use them.
Instead, they can withdraw TRX rewards from their sub-accounts once a day, and
the rewards will be transferred to the specified SR account. There are three
types of nodes on the TRON network: Witness Nodes, Full Nodes, and Solidity
Nodes.

• Witness nodes are created by SRs and are primarily responsible for
  producing blocks and voting on proposals.

• Full nodes provide APIs and transaction broadcasts.

• Nodes in the Solidity network synchronize blocks from other full nodes
  and offer APIs that can be searched.

27 Super Representatives

Principles of operation

Each account on the TRON network has the chance to apply to become a Super
Representative (SR). Anyone can also vote. In this case, the 27 top candidates
will become SRs, with the right and obligation to generate blocks. Every six
hours, votes are counted, and SRs are updated. However, a candidate for SR has
to pay a fee to prevent malicious attacks. A maximum of 9,999 TRX will be
burned from the applicant’s account when they apply to become an SR. After the
tokens are burned, the account is eligible to participate in the SR election.

Election process

All votes done in the TRON network are conducted with TRON Power, otherwise
known as TP. The TRX tokens that the user stakes can be used to acquire TRON
Power (TP).TP is based on the following formula: 1 TP = one TRX frozen to get
bandwidth. Kindly note that every TRON account has the right to vote for its
SRs. Users who unfreeze their assets after 3 days will not have any frozen
assets and lose all their TP accordingly. Due to this, all current and future
votes are invalid unless TRX is once again frozen to vote.Because the TRON
network only records the most recent vote, each subsequent vote will
invalidate all previous votes.

Creating proposals, voting on them, and withdrawing them

SR accounts can only propose changes in dynamic network parameters. SR’s vote
on proposals, and any member who fails to vote within 3 days of creation will
be considered a veto. Proposals remain active for 3 days after they are
created. During the 3-day voting window, you can change or retrieve your vote.
By the end of the period, either the proposal progresses (19+ votes) or fails
(and ends). The proposer can withdraw the proposal before its implementation.

Table 1 - System for approving proposals

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Table 2 - Mechanism for calculating vote rewards

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Table 3 - Block reward calculation system

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TRON Virtual Machine (TVM)

The TRON Virtual Machine (TVM) is a Turing-complete virtual machine developed
by the TRON ecosystem.TVM is compatible with EVM, making porting Ethereum
applications to TRON easy. While Ethereum’s EVM operates on the principle of
gas, TVM works on the principle of bandwidth rather than a fee structure.
Instead of a transaction fee, TVM smart contracts are free to execute. Through
bandwidth points, spam can be prevented, while contracts can be freely used.
Soon, other VMs will be supported by the Tron Virtual Machine, as it is mainly
compatible with Solidity. The Tron Virtual Machine implements a compiler that
translates Solidity smart contracts into bytecode executable on Tron’s virtual
machine, much like Ethereum’s EVM. In addition, TVM can access blockchain data
and invoke External Data Interface using the Interoperation layer. You can
find more information about the Tron Virtual Machine in its official
documentation.